Condominiums: Everything You Need to Know Before Buying One

Written by Matthew Borgerson, Loan Officer | Jan 6, 2025 4:14:32 PM

A condominium, or condo, is a type of home that's part of a larger building or complex where you own your individual unit, but share ownership of the building’s common areas like hallways, elevators, and amenities. It's a unique blend of private and shared living, which can offer some great advantages, especially in the right location.

If you're thinking about buying a condo, it's really important to understand what you're getting into. For first-time homebuyers, condos can be an appealing option, but it's essential to weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.

Condos are becoming more popular these days, especially in urban areas where they provide an affordable alternative to single-family homes. Plus, they offer convenient access to city life, whether that means being close to work, public transportation, or entertainment. But with these benefits come a few things to consider—like HOA fees and shared responsibilities.

As always, I’m here to help you navigate the details, so you can make an informed decision that’s right for you. Let’s take a closer look at what condos offer and whether they might be the perfect fit for your next home.

 

 

Get all this info in one online session.  
Join one of my free Buyer Seminars!

 

Contents:


What is a Condominium?

A condominium, or condo, is a private home within a larger building or complex, where you own your individual unit but share ownership of the building’s common areas. Think of it as a mix between owning a single-family home and renting an apartment. Unlike a traditional house, you’re not responsible for the entire building, but you do have full ownership of your unit and a stake in the shared spaces, like hallways, parking lots, and amenities.

So, what makes condos different from a single-family home or an apartment? In a single-family home, you own the whole property, inside and out, including the land it sits on. An apartment, on the other hand, is typically rented, meaning you don’t own the space, but you do have access to communal areas managed by the landlord. With a condo, you own your unit, but the shared spaces are managed by an HOA (Homeowners Association), which looks after things like building maintenance and common area upkeep.

Speaking of HOAs, this brings us to condo fees. These are monthly payments made to the HOA, which helps cover the cost of maintaining common areas, providing amenities like gyms or pools, and handling building repairs. The fees can vary depending on the size of the building, the location, and the amenities offered, so it’s important to factor these costs into your budget when considering a condo.

In a nutshell, owning a condo gives you a more affordable way to get into homeownership, especially in urban areas, while sharing the responsibility of maintaining common spaces with other owners. But those monthly condo fees and shared rules are something to keep in mind as you weigh your options.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Condominium

When you're considering buying a condo, there are several benefits that can make it an attractive option. However, like any type of home, condos also come with a few things to keep in mind. Here’s a more detailed breakdown of the pros and cons of condo ownership:

Pros of Condo Owning

  • Affordability: Condos are often more affordable than single-family homes, particularly in urban areas. If you're interested in living in a bustling city center or a desirable neighborhood, but a standalone house is out of your price range, a condo can be a great solution. The shared ownership of common spaces helps bring the cost down, making it an accessible option for first-time homebuyers or those looking for a more affordable way into homeownership.
  • Maintenance: One of the biggest selling points of condo ownership is the fact that condo fees cover maintenance for common areas like hallways, lobbies, parking lots, and sometimes even the exterior of the building. This means that you don't have to worry about tasks like lawn care, snow removal, or repairs to the building's exterior—leaving you with more time to enjoy your space. For busy professionals or those who don’t want to deal with home maintenance, this can be a major plus.
  • Amenities: Condos often come with shared amenities that you might not have in a standalone house, such as fitness centers, swimming pools, shared outdoor spaces, and even concierge services in some buildings. These amenities are included in your condo fees, so you get access to things like a gym or a pool without having to pay for them separately. For people who want these conveniences without the cost of a luxury building, condos can offer great value.
  • Location: Condos are typically located in prime, walkable areas such as city centers or near public transit. This can be a huge advantage for those who want to be close to work, restaurants, entertainment, and other amenities. For commuters, the ability to live in a central location with easy access to public transportation is a big draw, as it can help save both time and money on commuting. Condos are also ideal for people who want to be close to the action and enjoy a more urban lifestyle.

Cons of Owning a Condo

  • HOA Fees: While condo fees take care of maintenance and amenities, they can add up, particularly in high-demand areas. These fees can range from a few hundred dollars to over a thousand per month, depending on the size of the condo and the services provided. It’s important to factor these monthly fees into your budget, as they can significantly increase your monthly expenses. Plus, HOA fees can rise over time, so you’ll need to account for potential future increases as well.
  • Limited Control: Living in a condo means that you have to follow the rules set by the homeowners association (HOA), which can feel restrictive for some owners. The HOA often has rules about what you can and can’t do to the exterior of your condo, such as restrictions on painting, renovations, or even what kind of window treatments you can use. You might also have to adhere to noise level restrictions, pet policies, and rules about shared spaces. This lack of flexibility can be frustrating if you're used to the freedom of a single-family home.
  • Potential for Special Assessments: While regular HOA fees cover the maintenance of common areas, if the building or complex needs a major repair (such as a new roof, elevator upgrades, or plumbing work), the HOA may issue a special assessment. This is an additional cost, often in the form of a lump sum, that condo owners are required to pay. Depending on the extent of the repairs, this can be a significant unexpected expense. It's important to check the financial health of the HOA before buying a condo to see if there are any potential upcoming assessments on the horizon.

Overall, buying a condo offers a more affordable and low-maintenance option for homeownership, especially in sought-after urban locations. However, it’s essential to weigh the costs of condo fees, the potential for special assessments, and the limitations of shared living before deciding if condo life is right for you. With the right understanding of the pros and cons, you'll be better equipped to make an informed decision that aligns with your needs and lifestyle.

How to Purchase a Condominium

Purchasing a condo is a great option for many homebuyers, but it's important to understand the steps involved before diving in. Buying a condo is similar to purchasing a traditional home, but there are a few additional details to consider. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

1. Researching Condos and Deciding on the Type of Property

  • Identify your needs: Start by deciding what you’re looking for in a condo. Consider factors like location (close to work, public transportation, schools), size, amenities (pool, gym, parking), and whether you prefer a newer or older building. Condos can vary greatly depending on the neighborhood, so make sure you focus on what's most important to you.
  • Visit condos in person: If possible, schedule tours to get a feel for the different properties. Look at the condition of the common areas and make sure the building is well-maintained. Ask about things like the history of the building, future developments in the area, and any planned updates.
  • Consider the type of condo complex: There are different types of condo complexes, from high-rise buildings to smaller, low-rise units. Your choice will affect things like the HOA fees, level of privacy, and amenities. It's crucial to figure out which type aligns with your lifestyle.

2. Understanding HOA Fees and What They Cover

  • Know what’s included in the fees: One of the most important things to understand when purchasing a condo is the monthly HOA (Homeowners Association) fees. These fees cover the maintenance of common areas, amenities, security, trash removal, landscaping, and sometimes utilities like water or gas. Be sure to ask what exactly is included so you’re not surprised by additional costs.
  • Budget for future increases: HOA fees can increase over time, so it’s important to factor potential increases into your budget. Make sure the HOA is financially stable and ask if there have been any major fee hikes in recent years or if any are planned.
  • Look for red flags: If the HOA fees seem unusually low, it could be a red flag indicating that the association isn’t properly maintaining the building or there’s a lack of funding for necessary repairs. Ensure that the HOA is well-managed and has a good track record of taking care of the property.

3. Securing Financing

  • Get pre-qualified for a mortgage: Like any home purchase, you’ll want to start by getting pre-qualified for a mortgage. Securing financing for a condo can be a bit more complicated than for a single-family home, especially if the condo complex has a high number of renters or has financial issues. Some lenders have stricter requirements for condos.
  • Know the differences between condo and single-family home mortgages: While a single-family home mortgage is straightforward, condo loans may have additional stipulations. For example, you may be required to make a larger down payment, depending on the type of condo and the lender’s guidelines. It’s essential to work with a loan officer who is experienced with condos and can guide you through these specific requirements.
  • Explore different loan options: For condo buyers, FHA loans, VA loans (for veterans), and conventional loans are typically available, but each type has different requirements. For example, an FHA loan has a minimum down payment of 3.5%, but the building itself must meet certain eligibility standards. If you're a first-time buyer or purchasing with a smaller down payment, FHA loans can be a great option. If you're a veteran, VA loans are a fantastic choice since they require no down payment.

4. Getting Condo Approval from the HOA

What is condo approval? 

Before your purchase is final, the HOA will typically require you to submit an application. This process is designed to ensure that you meet the HOA’s requirements, which might include background checks, financial standing, and approval of your creditworthiness.

The HOA may ask for details about your income, credit score, and even request references. They want to ensure that you’ll be a responsible owner and pay your HOA fees on time. They may also look into your criminal history, depending on the building's rules.

It’s essential to carefully read through the HOA’s rules and regulations before committing to a condo. These rules can cover everything from noise restrictions to pet policies and guidelines for renting out your unit. Make sure the rules align with your lifestyle, so you’re not surprised after you move in.

Buying a condo can be a rewarding investment, but it’s essential to take the time to research, budget, and work through the approval process. By understanding what condo ownership entails—especially the role of the HOA and the financing requirements—you’ll be well on your way to finding the perfect condo and making a smart financial decision.

And, of course, I'm here to help you with the financing side of things. If you’re ready to start the process or have any questions about condo loans, feel free to reach out. Let's make sure you're on the right path to homeownership!

Is a Condo a Good Investment?

If you’re thinking about buying a condo, it’s important to know whether it’s a good investment. Let’s take a closer look at some key factors to help you decide.

Market Trends: Urban Development and Demand for Condos

In many cities, condos are in high demand. As cities grow and develop, they offer more affordable options compared to single-family homes, especially in urban areas. Condos are typically in prime locations, close to work, transportation, and entertainment—making them a great option for anyone looking to live in the heart of the action. Plus, they tend to require less maintenance than a house, which is a big draw for busy professionals.

With the rise of urban development and demand for low-maintenance living, condos are becoming even more popular in areas where there’s limited space for new homes. So, if you’re buying in a city where things are booming, condos can be a solid long-term investment.

Resale Potential: How Easy Is It to Sell a Condo?

Condos can be easier to sell than other types of properties, especially if they’re in a desirable location. First-time homebuyers, people looking to downsize, and even investors are often interested in condos. In popular areas, condos sell quickly, particularly if they’re well-maintained and have some great amenities (think: gym, pool, and parking).

But, resale potential can vary depending on the condo itself. If the building has a lot of restrictions or higher HOA fees, it might be harder to find a buyer. The best bet for a solid resale is a condo in a good location with reasonable fees and a healthy HOA.

Risks: Market Fluctuations, HOA Fees, and Special Assessments

Like any investment, condos do come with some risks. For one, property values can fluctuate based on the market, and condos are no exception. If the market takes a dip, it could be harder to sell your condo or you might need to lower your price. This is something to consider if you’re buying in a market where there are a lot of condos available or in areas that are seeing slower growth.

Another potential risk is the monthly HOA fees. While they cover things like maintenance, security, and amenities, those fees can add up. Plus, they can increase over time, and that’s something to keep in mind when planning your budget. You’ll want to make sure those fees don’t eat into your investment return, especially if property values aren’t growing as quickly as you expected.

And finally, special assessments. If the building needs major repairs, like a new roof or plumbing updates, you could be asked to pitch in for those costs. It's important to check the financial health of the HOA to get an idea of whether special assessments are likely in the near future.

At the end of the day, buying a condo can be a great investment, especially if you’re looking for an affordable way to live in a prime location. Just make sure to do your homework—look into the local market trends, assess the resale potential, and consider the risks like HOA fees and possible special assessments.

Financing a Condominium Purchase

When it comes to financing a condo, the process is similar to buying a house, but there are a few key differences you’ll want to be aware of. Understanding your options and the lender's requirements can make the entire process smoother, so let’s dive into the details.

What are the financing options for condos?

You can typically finance a condo with a traditional mortgage, just like you would for a house. However, there are also specific condo loans available, such as FHA, VA, and conventional loans. Each loan type comes with its own set of requirements and guidelines.

  • Traditional Loans: These are usually conventional mortgages where the condo doesn’t need to be FHA or VA-approved. However, the condo will still need to meet certain conditions, and lenders will assess the financial health of the HOA (Homeowners Association).
  • FHA Loans: If you’re looking for a more affordable option, FHA loans can be a great choice, especially for first-time buyers. However, one key thing to note is that the condo building must be FHA-approved. That means the complex has to meet certain standards in terms of its financial stability and the percentage of owner-occupied units. This can be a challenge if you’re considering a building that isn’t FHA-approved.
  • VA Loans: If you're a veteran or active-duty military, VA loans offer fantastic benefits like no down payment and no private mortgage insurance (PMI). Similar to FHA loans, though, the condo complex must be approved by the VA, and the building needs to meet specific criteria, such as being mostly owner-occupied.
  • Conventional Loans: These loans don’t have as many restrictions as FHA or VA loans, but the condo still needs to meet the lender's requirements. Some lenders might be stricter about things like the percentage of renters in the building, the financial health of the HOA, and whether there are any pending lawsuits against the condo association.

It’s important to understand that condo purchases often come with stricter requirements compared to single-family homes. Lenders want to make sure the condo association is financially stable and well-managed, as this affects the property’s long-term value. If the condo building has a high percentage of renters, this could be a red flag for lenders, as it might indicate that the building isn’t as stable or desirable as a primarily owner-occupied complex.

Also, some lenders require that the building has a sufficient reserve fund to cover unexpected repairs or maintenance. So, before you fall in love with a condo, it’s important to ask for the financials of the building to make sure you won’t run into any surprises down the road.

Potential Challenges in Securing Financing

One of the challenges with condo financing is if the building isn’t well-managed or doesn’t meet the lender’s criteria. Some older condo buildings or buildings with high rental occupancy rates may have trouble qualifying for traditional or government-backed loans. In addition, buildings that are in poor financial shape or have pending legal issues could be deemed “high-risk” by lenders, making it more difficult to secure a loan.

If you're considering a condo that isn't well-managed or has a large number of renters, you might find it harder to secure financing at a good rate—or at all. In those cases, you may need to look for alternative financing options or consider a larger down payment to offset the perceived risk.

Financing a condo can be a little more complicated than buying a house, but it’s totally doable with the right understanding of what’s required. If you're ready to buy, or just need some guidance, I’m here to help walk you through the financing options and help you find the best loan for your situation. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you have questions—let’s get you on the path to homeownership!

Common Questions About Condominiums

How much do condominiums cost?

The price of a condominium can vary widely depending on location, size, and amenities. In urban areas, especially in cities like Washington, D.C., or New York, condos can be more expensive due to their prime locations and proximity to work, restaurants, and entertainment. Prices can range from a few hundred thousand dollars to several million. In suburban areas, condos tend to be more affordable, though factors like square footage, community amenities (like a pool or gym), and the building’s age still play a major role in determining cost. Essentially, the size of the condo, its location, and what’s included in the building will all affect the price.

How do condominiums work?

Condos are a unique type of real estate where you own an individual unit within a larger building or complex. Each owner is responsible for the interior of their unit, while the condo association manages the shared spaces (hallways, parking areas, landscaping, etc.). Condo owners pay monthly HOA fees to cover the maintenance and upkeep of these common areas. Essentially, you own the interior of your condo, but everything else is shared with other residents in the building, and decisions about shared spaces are made collectively through the HOA.

What is the difference between a condominium and a co-op?

While both condos and co-ops involve living in multi-unit buildings, the ownership structures are quite different. In a condominium, you own the individual unit, and you also have a share in the common areas of the building. With a co-op, you don’t actually own your unit; instead, you own shares in a corporation that owns the building. Co-op owners have the right to live in a specific unit but do not have the same level of individual ownership as condo owners. Co-ops typically have more restrictive approval processes and rules, which can make them a bit more challenging to buy or sell compared to condos.

What is the difference between a townhouse and a condominium?

The key difference between a townhouse and a condo is how the properties are laid out. A townhouse is more like a single-family home with multiple levels, where you own the entire property, including the land it sits on. Townhouses often come with their own small yard or outdoor space. Condominiums, on the other hand, are part of larger buildings or complexes where you own just the interior space, and the rest (like the building’s structure and grounds) is shared with other owners. Essentially, townhouses offer more privacy and space, while condos typically provide more shared amenities and less maintenance responsibility.

What is condominium insurance?

Condominium insurance, also known as HO-6 insurance, is a specialized insurance policy designed to cover a condo owner's personal property, interior unit, and certain liabilities that aren't covered by the condo association’s master policy. While the condo association’s insurance typically covers the exterior of the building and common areas, your individual unit, personal belongings, and any improvements you make to your space (like upgraded countertops or custom cabinetry) aren't usually covered by the association's policy. Condominium insurance helps protect your personal property from risks like theft, fire, or water damage and can also cover liability if someone is injured inside your unit. It’s important to have this coverage, as it complements the association’s policy and ensures you’re fully protected.

Do condominiums pay property tax?

Yes, condominiums are subject to property tax, but the way it's assessed can differ from single-family homes. As a condo owner, you’ll pay property tax based on the value of your individual unit. The tax rate and assessment process vary by location, and typically, property taxes are calculated based on the market value of the condo. However, unlike single-family homes, condo owners don’t pay taxes on the shared common areas (such as hallways or parking lots), as those are typically covered by the condo association. The association may include a portion of the property tax for these common areas in your monthly HOA fees, but your personal tax obligation will be based on your unit’s value. Always check with your local taxing authority for specifics on how property taxes are assessed in your condo’s area.

Next Steps on Your Path to Condo Ownership

Buying a condominium can be a fantastic option for many homebuyers, offering affordability, convenience, and low-maintenance living in prime locations. But as we’ve discussed, it’s important to carefully weigh the pros and cons—like HOA fees, potential special assessments, and the shared ownership model—before making your decision.

If you're considering a condo, take the time to evaluate your needs and make sure the financing options align with your long-term goals. Each condo purchase comes with its own set of unique factors to consider, especially when it comes to securing the right loan for the property.

If you have any questions or need personalized advice on condo financing, I’m here to help! Don’t hesitate to reach out—let’s make sure you’re on the right path to homeownership.

 

Sources:

  • Fannie Mae - Condominium Eligibility Guidelines

https://www.fanniemae.com/content/guide/section/4000.1/02.html 

  • National Association of Realtors - Understanding Condominiums

https://www.nar.realtor/what-is-a-condo 

  • HUD - FHA Condo Approval Process

https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/housing/sfh/condo 

  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs - VA Loans and Condos

https://www.benefits.va.gov/homeloans/documents/docs/condominium_approval_guide.pdf 

  • Investopedia - Homeowners Association (HOA) Fees

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/homeowners-association-hoa.asp 

  • Consumer Financial Protection Bureau - Understanding Condominium Mortgages

https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-is-a-condo-mortgage-en-1615/ 

  • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development - Condominiums and Housing Requirements

https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/housing/rmra/condominiums 

  • Zillow - Buying a Condo: What You Should Know

https://www.zillow.com/sellers-guide/buying-a-condo /